Understanding Competency-Based Education and Training CBET Model in Kenya

Competency-Based Education and Training (CBET) is reshaping how learners in Kenya acquire skills and knowledge. Unlike traditional education systems that focus on time spent in class or theoretical knowledge, CBET emphasizes practical skills and the ability to perform specific tasks. This approach aligns education with the actual demands of the job market, making graduates more prepared for employment and entrepreneurship.

Students practicing carpentry skills in a Kenyan vocational workshop

What Is Competency-Based Education and Training?

CBET focuses on what learners can do after completing their training rather than how long they have studied. It breaks down learning into clear competencies or skills that students must demonstrate. These competencies are often linked to specific jobs or industries, ensuring that learners gain relevant and practical abilities.

In Kenya, CBET is part of the government's effort to improve technical and vocational education and training (TVET). The goal is to produce graduates who can contribute effectively to the economy by meeting the needs of employers and the community.

Key Features of the CBET Model in Kenya

• Outcome-focused learning: Students must show they can perform tasks to a set standard.

• Flexible learning paths: Learners can progress at their own pace, focusing on mastering skills.

• Assessment based on performance: Tests and exams are practical, often involving real-life scenarios.

• Industry involvement: Employers and industry experts help define the competencies and assess learners.

• Recognition of prior learning: Skills gained outside formal education can be credited.

  
  

This model contrasts with traditional education, which often emphasizes exams and theoretical knowledge without guaranteeing practical ability.

How CBET Works in Kenyan Education

The Kenyan government introduced CBET as part of the TVET reforms to address youth unemployment and skills mismatch. Training institutions now design courses around competencies required in sectors like agriculture, construction, hospitality, and information technology.

For example, a student in a CBET program for automotive mechanics will learn specific skills such as engine diagnostics, brake repairs, and electrical system maintenance. They must demonstrate these skills through hands-on tasks before earning certification.

CBET programs also encourage continuous learning. If a learner struggles with a particular skill, they receive additional support and practice time until they meet the required standard. This approach helps reduce dropout rates and improves overall competence.

Student demonstrating electrical wiring skills in a technical training institute in Kenya

Benefits of CBET for Kenyan Learners and Employers

CBET offers several advantages that make it a valuable education model in Kenya:

• Better job readiness: Graduates have proven skills that employers need.

• Increased employability: Practical skills improve chances of finding work or starting a business.

• Adaptability: Learners can update skills as industries evolve.

• Cost-effective training: Focus on essential skills reduces unnecessary coursework.

• Empowerment: Learners gain confidence by mastering real tasks.

  
  

Employers benefit from hiring workers who require less on-the-job training. This reduces costs and improves productivity. For example, a hotel hiring graduates from a CBET hospitality program can expect staff who already know customer service, food preparation, and hygiene standards.

Challenges Facing CBET Implementation in Kenya

Despite its benefits, CBET faces some challenges:

• Resource limitations: Many training centers lack modern equipment and materials.

• Trainer capacity: Instructors need training to deliver competency-based programs effectively.

• Assessment consistency: Ensuring fair and standardized assessments across institutions can be difficult.

• Awareness and acceptance: Some employers and learners still prefer traditional education credentials.

• Infrastructure gaps: Rural areas may have limited access to quality CBET programs.

  
  

Addressing these challenges requires investment in facilities, continuous trainer development, and public awareness campaigns to promote the value of CBET qualifications.

Students engaged in practical learning in a Kenyan vocational school classroom

The Future of CBET in Kenya

Kenya’s commitment to CBET reflects a broader vision to build a skilled workforce that supports economic growth. The government continues to develop policies and partnerships to expand CBET programs across the country.

Technology will play a key role in the future of CBET. Online platforms and digital tools can provide flexible learning options and help reach learners in remote areas. Collaboration with industries will also grow, ensuring that competencies remain relevant to changing job markets.

For learners, embracing CBET means gaining skills that open doors to employment and entrepreneurship. For educators and policymakers, it means focusing on practical outcomes that benefit individuals and the nation.